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The Taif Agreement

Positive peace for Lebanon: reconciliation, reform and resilience
Jul 2012
Karam Karam explains how both the content and implementation of the 1989 Taif peace agreement have precluded genuine political reform or social change, due to structural defects including: flawed revision of confessional power sharing arrangements and a dysfunctional executive Troika; surrendering core state responsibilities to Syrian tutelage; guaranteeing power to warlords; and the marginalisation of key social issues. Karam suggests constructive lessons for the future, based on a framework of political decentralisation and balanced reform ‘packages’ as part of a clear, incremental strategy.

Consensus democracy and representation in Lebanon

Positive peace for Lebanon: reconciliation, reform and resilience
Jul 2012
Lebanon’s convoluted consociational political system is associated with many of the country’s political problems. Ziad Majed unpacks its intricacies and impediments, explaining how its apparent intent to guarantee participation in state institutions through consensus and inclusion has in fact obstructed reform, empowering elites that are resistant to change.

‘Joint Creation’: The Bougainville Peace Agreement - and beyond

Weaving consensus: The Papua New Guinea - Bougainville peace process
Sep 2010
Edward Wolfers traces the incremental series of step-by-step talks and agreements that laid the path for a compromise over the political status of Bougainville.

Whose peace is it anyway? connecting Somali and international peacemaking

Feb 2010
Accord 21, Whose peace is it anyway? connecting Somali and international peacemaking, seeks to improve understanding and links between Somalis and international policy and practice. Edited by Mark Bradbury and Sally Healy it contains over 30 articles including interviews with Somali elders and senior diplomats, and contributions from Somali and international peacemaking practitioners, academics, involved parties, civil society and women’s organisations.

Somaliland: 'home grown' peacemaking and political reconstruction

Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking
Feb 2010
Ulf Terlinden and Mohamed Hassan chart the history of Somaliland’s political development from indigenous grassroots peacebuilding processes in the early 1990s to the development of a democratic political system from 2002.

Experiences of constitution making in Somalia, Puntland and Somaliland: sub-section introduction

Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking
Feb 2010
Sally Healy discusses the constitution-making process in Somaliland and Puntland and the absence of progress at the national level in Somalia.

An opportunity for peacebuilding dialogue? Somalia's constitution-making process

Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking
Feb 2010
Kirsti Samuels explains how, for a society emerging from civil war, a constitution building process provides opportunities for reconciliation and for achieving consensus on areas of division.

Making the Somaliland constitution and its role in democratisation and peace

Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking
Feb 2010
Ibrahim Hashi Jama’s article explores the making of the Somaliland constitution and how it has been used to maintain peace and uphold democracy.

Puntland constitutional review process

Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking
Feb 2010
Ahmed Abbas Ahmed and Ruben Zamora explore experiences of drawing up a constitution in Puntland, where this process has helped to consolidate peace and create structures of government.

Whose peace is it anyway? connecting Somali and international peacemaking (Somali)

Feb 2010
Accord Somalia cover image
Accord 21, Whose peace is it anyway? connecting Somali and international peacemaking, seeks to improve understanding and links between Somalis and international policy and practice. Edited by Mark Bradbury and Sally Healy it contains over 30 articles including interviews with Somali elders and senior diplomats, and contributions from Somali and international peacemaking practitioners, academics, involved parties, civil society and women’s organisations.

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