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United States Institute of Peace Special Report: Mediating peace with proscribed armed groups

May 2010
In what circumstances is it appropriate to engage with violent groups? This report by United States Institute of Peace summarises debates between experts, including Conciliation Resources, on the subject.

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking

Feb 2008
Faced with the problem of how to respond to the challenges of intra-state armed conflict, international policymakers often turn to incentives, sanctions and conditionality in the hope that these tools can alter the conflict dynamics and influence the protagonists' behaviour. Drawing on case studies from around the world, Accord issue 19 suggests that while these instruments have in some cases helped tip the balance towards settlement, in many others they been ineffective, incoherent or subsumed into the dynamics of the conflict.

Room for accommodation: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in Northern Ireland

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Room for accommodation
Asking what role incentives, sanctions and conditionality played in the Northern Ireland peace process, David Mitchell reviews the early years of the peace process, the negotiations that led to the Belfast Agreement and the processes that followed the agreement.

Dilemmas of multiple priorities and multiple instruments: The Darfur crisis

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Dilemmas of multiple priorities
Alex de Waal assesses the international efforts to address the Darfur crisis, noting the multiplicity of goals and mechanisms (especially instruments of pressure), and the reasons they more often impeded the search for a practical solution to the conflict.

Prejudice, asymmetry and insecurity

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Prejudice, asymmetry and insecurity
Suthaharan Nadarajah discusses the Sri Lankan peace process from 2002 and concludes that international action served to tilt the strategic balance in favour of the state rather than ensuring the parties addressed the underlying causes of conflict.

International support for peace: Too much to ask?

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: International support for peace
Debates on how international conditionalities or incentives have supported or undermined peacebuilding in Sri Lanka fail to ask whether they have even been seriously tried. Brian Smith reviews the failure to implement the aid conditionalities of the 2003 Tokyo Conference.

International involvement and incentives for peacemaking in northern Uganda

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Peacemaking in northern Uganda
Mareike Schomerus examines the motivations of the Ugandan government and the Lord's Resistance Army for engaging in the Juba talks and reflects on how the overpowering effects of international agendas on fragile negotiations could be addressed.

Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking: Policy brief

Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Policy brief cover image
This policy brief complements Conciliation Resources’ Accord (issue 19), 'Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking'. It provides analysis and advice on the best way to use such tools constructively.

Choosing to engage: Armed groups and peace processes

May 2005
Accord Armed Groups: Cover image
Accord issue 16 explores the case for engagement with armed groups and the lessons learned from peacemaking practice. Highlighting both opportunities and challenges, it suggests that the range of engagement options and potential interveners makes a strong case for engagement.

Opcinoes de compromiso: Apercamientos con grupos armados en procesos de paz

May 2005
Eligiendo el compromiso: grupos armados y procesos de paz (Accord N°16, 2005) explora casos de compromiso con grupos armados y las lecciones aprendidas para las prácticas de construcción de paz.

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