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Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking

Feb 2008
Faced with the problem of how to respond to the challenges of intra-state armed conflict, international policymakers often turn to incentives, sanctions and conditionality in the hope that these tools can alter the conflict dynamics and influence the protagonists' behaviour. Drawing on case studies from around the world, Accord issue 19 suggests that while these instruments have in some cases helped tip the balance towards settlement, in many others they been ineffective, incoherent or subsumed into the dynamics of the conflict.

Harnessing incentives for peace: An interview with Alvaro de Soto

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
In this interview, experienced UN peacemaker Alvaro de Soto reflects on the roles incentives and pressure in peace processes in El Salvador, Cyprus and the Middle East.

Harnessing incentives for peace: An interview with Alvaro de Soto

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
In this interview, experienced UN peacemaker Alvaro de Soto reflects on the roles incentives and pressure in peace processes in El Salvador, Cyprus and the Middle East. At the end is a short description of the UN-mediated settlement of the conflict in El Salvador, noting in particular the role played by the USA’s Dodd-Leahy bill.

EU incentives for promoting peace

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: EU incentives
Nathalie Tocci discusses three mechanisms through which EU contractual relations can incentivise conflict resolution – conditionality, learning and 'passive enforcement' – and identifies three main determinants of effectiveness. At the end of the article is the story of Cyprus’s accession to the EU and demise of the ‘Annan plan’ which proposed the creation of a united Cyprus Republic.

Negotiations in a globalised world

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Negotiations in a globalised world
Arguing that the negotiations between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE that began in 2002 must be understood less as a ‘peace process’ than as a part of the government’s strategic response to economic crisis, Sunil Bastian outlines the reason for their failure.

The limits of external influence

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: The limits of external influence
Former government negotiator Harim Peiris reflects on three aspects of international involvement in Sri Lanka's peace process: the impact of terrorist designations on the LTTE, the use of aid as a lever, and the orchestration of international support.

Prejudice, asymmetry and insecurity

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Prejudice, asymmetry and insecurity
Suthaharan Nadarajah discusses the Sri Lankan peace process from 2002 and concludes that international action served to tilt the strategic balance in favour of the state rather than ensuring the parties addressed the underlying causes of conflict.

International support for peace: Too much to ask?

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: International support for peace
Debates on how international conditionalities or incentives have supported or undermined peacebuilding in Sri Lanka fail to ask whether they have even been seriously tried. Brian Smith reviews the failure to implement the aid conditionalities of the 2003 Tokyo Conference.

International involvement and incentives for peacemaking in northern Uganda

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Peacemaking in northern Uganda
Mareike Schomerus examines the motivations of the Ugandan government and the Lord's Resistance Army for engaging in the Juba talks and reflects on how the overpowering effects of international agendas on fragile negotiations could be addressed.

Choosing to engage: Armed groups and peace processes

May 2005
Accord Armed Groups: Cover image
Accord issue 16 explores the case for engagement with armed groups and the lessons learned from peacemaking practice. Highlighting both opportunities and challenges, it suggests that the range of engagement options and potential interveners makes a strong case for engagement.

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