Western Europe

Room for accommodation: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in Northern Ireland

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Asking what role incentives, sanctions and conditionality played in the Northern Ireland peace process, David Mitchell reviews the early years of the peace process, the negotiations that led to the Belfast Agreement and the processes that followed the agreement.

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking

Feb 2008
Faced with the problem of how to respond to the challenges of intra-state armed conflict, international policymakers often turn to incentives, sanctions and conditionality in the hope that these tools can alter the conflict dynamics and influence the protagonists' behaviour. Drawing on case studies from around the world, Accord issue 19 suggests that while these instruments have in some cases helped tip the balance towards settlement, in many others they been ineffective, incoherent or subsumed into the dynamics of the conflict.

Incentives, sanctions and conditionality

Faced with the problem of how to respond to the challenges of intra-state armed conflict, international policymakers often turn to incentives, sanctions and conditionality in the hope that these tools can alter the conflict dynamics and influence the protagonists' behaviour.

But do such policy instruments underpin or undermine peace processes? How can they constructively influence conflict parties' engagement in peacemaking initiatives?

Further reading: Accord Northern Ireland (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999

This list contains some suggested further reading.

Profiles: Accord Northern Ireland (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999

Read about the key actors in the conflict.

Chronology: Accord Northern Ireland (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999

This chronology gives context to Accord issue 8.

Key texts: Accord Northern Ireland (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999

Some selected key texts for reference.

Problems of implementation (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999
Monica McWilliams and Kate Fearon provide a detailed analysis of the implementation of the Belfast Agreement, highlighting various delays and problems and how the sides have dealt with them.

Key Points of the Belfast Agreement (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999

Some key points from the Belfast Agreement.

An assessment of the Belfast Agreement (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999
Dermot Nesbitt assesses the Belfast Agreement as a significant attempt to deal with issues that affect all situations of intergroup conflict, ranging from the problem of conflicting national identities to sequencing and fulfilling commitments made.

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