Further reading
Ahmed, Ali J. (1995) (ed) The Invention of Somalia, Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press.
Andrzejewski, B.W. and Lewis, I. M. (2006) Somali Poetry, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Besteman, C. L. & Cassanelli, L.V. (eds) (2000) The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia: the War behind the War, Colorado/London: Westview Press/HAAN Publishing.
Bradbury, Mark (2008) Becoming Somaliland, James Currey & Progressio in association with Indiana Press, African Issues series.
Brons, Maria H. (2001) Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness? Utrecht, Netherlands: International Books.
Burton, Richard F. (1894), First Footsteps in East Africa, London: Echo Library.
Cassanelli, Lee V. (1982) The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People 1600-1900, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Clarke, Walter & Herbst, Jeffrey I, (1997) Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Oxford: Westview Press/HAAN Publishing.
Farah, Ahmed Y. and Lewis, I.M. (1993) Somalia: The Roots of Reconciliation. London: ActionAid.
Farah, Nuruddin (2000) Yesterday, Tomorrow: Voices from the Somali Diaspora, London/New York: Cassell.
Gardner, Judith, & el Bushra, Judy (eds) (2004) Somalia the Untold Story: The war through the eyes of Somali women, London: Pluto Press.
Gundel, Joachim (2006) The Predicament of the ‘Oday’: The role of traditional structures in security, rights, law and development in Somalia, Danish Refugee Council/Oxfam-Novib.
Healy, Sally (2008) Lost Opportunities in the Horn of Africa: How Conflicts Connect and Peace Agreements Unravel, Horn of Africa Group Report, Chatham House.
Healy, Sally (2009) Peacemaking in the midst of War: An assessment of IGAD’s contribution to Regional Security, LSE Crisis States Research Centre, Working Paper no. 59.
Heinrich, Wolfgang (1997), Building the Peace – experiences and reflections of collaborative peacebuilding, the case of Somalia, Life and Peace Institute (ISBN 91-87748-79-7).
Human Rights Watch (2007), ‘Shell-shocked’ Civilians under siege in Mogadishu, Volume 19 no. 12(a), August.
Human Rights Watch (2008), ‘So Much to Fear’, War Crimes and the Devastation of Somalia, December.
Humanitarian Exchange (2008), The Humanitarian Crisis in Somalia, ODI Humanitarian Practice Network, No 40, September.
International Committee of the Red Cross Somalia Delegation (1997). Spared from the spear: Traditional Somali Behaviour in Warfare, Nairobi: International Committee of the Red Cross.
International Crisis Group (2002) Countering Terrorism in a Failed State, Africa Report no. 45, 23 May.
International Crisis Group (2002) Salvaging Somalia’s Chance for Peace, Africa briefing no. 11, 9 December.
International Crisis Group (2004) Biting the Somali Bullet, Africa Report no. 79, 4 May.
International Crisis Group (2008) Somalia – to Move beyond the Failed State, Africa Report no. 147, 23 December.
Le Sage, A. (2004) Somalia and the War on Terrorism: Political Islamic Movements and US Counter-Terrorism Efforts, PhD Thesis, Jesus College, Cambridge University, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.
Lewis, I.M. (1999) A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, Oxford University Press: London. 3rd edition 1999, James Currey/IAI/Lit Verlag 1961.
Lewis, I.M. & Mayall, J. (1995) A Menu of Options: A Study of Decentralised Political Structures for Somalia, London School of Economics/EC Somalia Unit.
Lewis, I.M. (2002) A Modern History of the Somali nation and state in the Horn of Africa. 4th Edition, Oxford/Hargeisa/Ohio: James Currey/Btec Books/Ohio University.
Lindley, Anna (2005) Somalia Country Study, Commissioned for a report on Informal Remittance Systems in African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries (ref : RO2CS008) Compas, DFID, EC, Deloitte & Touche, 15 January.
Lindley, Anna (2009), Leaving Mogadishu: The War on Terror and Displacement Dynamics in the Somali Regions, MICROCON Working Paper no. 15, Falmer: Institute of Development Studies.
Little, Peter D. (2003) Economy without a State: Accumulation and Survival in Somalia. (African Issues) Oxford: James Currey.
Luling, Virginia (2006) ‘Genealogy as Theory, Genealogy as Tool: Aspects of Somali ‘Clanship’’, in Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, Vol. 12 No.4. pp 471-485. London: Routledge, July.
Lyons, Terrence, and Ahmed I. Samatar (1995) Somalia: State Collapse, Multilateral Intervention, and Strategies for Political Reconstruction,Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institute...
Marchal, Roland (1996) The Somali post-civil war business class. Nairobi: EC/Somali Unit, September.
Marchal, Roland (2004) ‘Islamic Political Dynamics in the Somali Civil War’, in Alex de Waal (ed.) Islamism and its Enemies in the Horn of Africa, London: Hurst & Company, pp. 114–45.
Marchal, Roland (2009), A Tentative Assessment of Harakat Al-Shabaab in Somalia, Journal of Eastern African Studies, June.
Menkhaus, Kenneth J. & Prendergast, J. (1995) ‘Governance and Economic Survival in Post-intervention Somalia’, CSIS Africa Notes no. 172, Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies. pp. 1–10, May.
Menkhaus, Kenneth J. (1996) ‘International Peacebuilding and the Dynamics of Local and National Reconciliation in Somalia’, International Peacekeeping no. 3, 1, pp. 42-67, Spring.
Menkhaus, Kenneth J. (2007), ‘The Crisis in Somalia: Tragedy in Five Acts’, African Affairs, Oxford University Press 106/204, 357–390, 2007
Menkhaus, Kenneth J. (2011) A diplomatic surge to stop Somalia’s famine, Enough Project
PDRC (2003) Somali Customary Law and Traditional Economy,Garowe, Puntland.
Quaranto, Peter J. (2008) Building States While Fighting Terror: Contradictions in United States Strategy in Somalia from 2001 to 2007, Institute for Security Studies, Monograph Series. no. 143. Pretoria, May.
Reno, W. (2003) Somalia and Survival in the Shadow of the Global Economy,Queen Elizabeth House Working Paper 100 Oxford and Northwestern University.
Sahnoun, Mohamed (1994) Somalia: The Missed Opportunities,Washington: USIP Press.
Samatar, Ahmed I. (1988) Socialist Somalia: Rhetoric and Reality, London: Zed Books.
Samatar, Ahmed I. (1994) The Somali Challenge: From Catastrophe to Renewal? London: Lynne Rienner, Boulder.
Samatar, Said S. (1986), Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid Mahammad Abdille Hassan, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
UNDP (2001), UNDP Human Development Report, Somalia 2001. Nairobi: UNDP.
WSP International (2001) Rebuilding Somalia - Issues and Possibilities for Puntland, HAAN, London.
WSP International (2005) Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and possibilities, Red Sea Press/WSP International.
World Bank (2005), Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January.
World Bank (2006) Somalia: From Resilience Towards Recovery and Development, A Country Economic Memorandum for Somalia, Washington, January 11.
Yusuf, Abdulqawi A. (2006), ‘Battling warlords with lyrics’, International Herald Tribune, 31 May.
Key websites
Website of the Transitional Federal Government
Website of the Puntland State of Somalia
Website of the Republic of Somaliland
Awdal news network (Republic of Somaliland)
Academy for Peace and Development (APD) (Somaliland)
Center for Research and Dialogue (CRD) (Mogadishu)
Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC)
