Engaging armed groups in peace processes

(April 2005)

Abad, Iván Orozco. ‘Dealing with Symmetrical Barbarism: A Challenge for the Human Rights Movement (The Colombian Case)’ (Paper presented at the Conference on Curbing Human Rights Violations by Non-State Armed Groups, University of British Columbia, November 13-15, 2003).

Abdullaev, Kamoludin. ‘Warlordism and development in Afghanistan’ in John Montogomery & Dennis Rondinelli (eds.) Beyond reconstruction in Afghanistan: lessons from development experience (New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2004)

Andreopoulos, George J. ‘The International Legal Framework and Armed Groups’ (Draft paper presented at the Conference on Curbing Human Rights Violations by Non-State Armed Groups, University of British Columbia, November 13-15, 2003)

Ball, Desmond & Hazel Lang. ‘Factionalism and the Ethnic Insurgent organizations [in Burma]’ (Canberra: Australian National University, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Working Paper No. 356, 2001)

Becker, Jo. ‘Child Soldiers and Armed Groups’ (Notes for a Presentation to the Conference on Curbing Human Rights Abuses by Armed Groups, Centre of International Relations, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 14-15 November 2003)

Berdal, Mats, & David Malone (eds.) Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001)

Berdal, Mats. ‘How ‘New’ are ‘New Wars’? Global economic change and the study of civil wars’, Global Governance, Vol. 9, No. 4 (2003)

Botha, Anneli. ‘Political dissent and terrorism in southern Africa’. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies Occasional Paper 90 (August 2004)

Brown, Duncan. ‘Holding armed rebel groups and terrorist organizations accountable for crimes against humanity and war crimes, and for ‘Terrorist Offences’ under International Anti-Terrorist Conventions’. Paper presented at Accountability for Human Rights Violations Committed by Non-State Actors Conference in Turku/Åbo, Finland, 23-24 May 2002. Download as a pdf file (481kb)

Bruderlein, Claude. ‘The role of non-state actors in building human security: the case of armed groups in intra-state wars’ (Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, May 2000).

Byman, Daniel, Peter Chalk, Bruce Hoffman, William Rosenau, & David Brannan. Trends in Outside Support for Insurgent Movements (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, National Security Research Division, 2001)

Capie, David. ‘Armed groups, weapons availability and misuse: an overview of the issues and options for action’ Background Paper for a Meeting organized by the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue in advance of the Sixth Meeting of the Human Security Network, Bamako, Mali, 25 May 2004

Capie, David and Pablo Policzer. ‘Keeping the promise of protection: holding armed groups to the same standard as states’ Paper for United Nations and Global Security, United Nations Foundation. Download as a pdf file (72kb)

Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. ‘Humanitarian engagement with armed groups: the Central Asian Islamic opposition movements’ (Geneva: Henry Dunant Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, February 2003)

Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. ‘Humanitarian engagement with armed groups: the Colombian paramilitaries’ (Geneva: Henry Dunant Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, October 2002)

Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. ‘Does anything need to be done to control transfers to, and misuse of weapons by non-state actors (e.g. armed groups and insurgents)? If so, what?’ Small arms and human security bulletin, issue 3, June 2004.

Clapham, Christopher. African Guerrillas (Oxford: James Currey, 1998)

Cortright, David. ‘Terrorism beyond the state: dilemmas and solutions’ Paper for United Nations and Global Security, United Nations Foundation. Download as a pdf file (194kb)

Cristal, Moty. ‘Negotiating under the cross: the story of the forty day siege of the church of nativity’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Dasgupta, Sunil. ‘Understanding Paramilitary Growth: Agency Relations in Military organization’ (Draft paper for presentation for Conference on Curbing human rights violations by nonstate armed groups, Centre of International Relations, Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 13-15 November 2003)

Davis, Diane & Anthony Pereira (eds.) Irregular Armed Forces and their Role in Politics and State Formation. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003)

Diamond, Louise & John McDonald. Multi-track diplomacy: a systems approach to peace (West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press, 1996)

Dolnik, Adam & Richard Pilch. ‘The Moscow Theater Hostage Crisis: The Perpetrators, their Tactics, and the Russian Response’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Dolnik, Adam. ‘Contrasting Dynamics of Crisis Negotiations: Barricade versus Kidnapping Incidents’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Donohue, William A. & Paul J. Taylor. ‘Testing the role effect in terrorist negotiations’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Faure, Guy Olivier. ‘Negotiating with terrorists: the hostage case’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Fisher, Roger, Elizabeth Kopelman & Andrea Kupfer Schneider. Beyond Machiavelli: tools for coping with conflict (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994)

Fisher, Ronald J. ‘Methods of third-party intervention’ Berghof handbook for conflict transformation (Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2001)

Franco, Andrés. ‘Armed non-state actors’ in David Malone (ed.) The UN Security Council (Boulder, CO.: Lynne Rienner, 2004)

Frost, Mervyn. ‘The justification of unconventional violence in international relations: a hard case for normative theory’ in Ethics in International Relations: A Constitutive Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

Geneva Call. ‘Report of the Geneva Call mission to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in Central Mindanao, Philippines’. 2002.

Geneva Call. Seeking Rebel Accountability. Report of the Geneva Call mission to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in central Mindanao, Philippines. 3-8 April 2002 (Geneva: Geneva Call, Monograph No.1, August 2002)

Hare, D. Austin. ‘Threats from non-state actors – how grave, how remedied?’ Report from a Roundtable Conference, 4 March 2004, The City University of New York, sponsored by the Academic Council on the United Nations System – New York Liaison Office, Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies at the City University of New York, United Nations Foundation.

Harmer, Adele & Joanna Macrae. Humanitarian action and the ‘global war on terror’: a review of trends and issues (London: Overseas Development Institute, HPG Briefing No. 9, July 2003)

Harpviken, Kristain Berg and Bernt A. Skara. ‘Humanitarian mine action and peacebuilding: exploring the relationship’ Third World Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 5 (2003): 809-822.

Hattotuwa, Sanjana. 'From violence to peace: terrorism and human rights in Sri Lanka' The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Summer 2003)

Hayes, Richard E., Stacey R. Kaminski and Steven M. Beres. ‘Negotiating the non-negotiable: dealing with absolutist terrorists’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Haysom, Nicholas & Julian Hottinger. ‘Do’s and Don’ts of sustainable ceasefire agreements’. Presentation to IGAD Sudan Peace Process Workshop on Detailed Security Arrangements in Sudan During the Transition.

Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998)

Hofmann, Claudia. ‘Engaging non-state armed groups in humanitarian action: state actor and non-governmental approaches’ (German Development Institute background paper, July-August 2004)

International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Non-state armed actors: region and country survey. February 2000.

ICHRP. ‘Ends and means: human rights approaches to armed groups – Main Report’ (International Council on Human Rights Policy, 2000).

International Crisis Group. ‘Dealing with Hamas’ (Amman/Brussels: ICG Middle East Briefing no. 21, January 2004)

International Crisis Group. ‘Hizbollah: Rebel without a cause?’ (Amman/Brussels: ICG Middle East Briefing, July 2003)

International Crisis Group. ‘Colombia: Negotiating with the Paramilitaries’. (ICG Latin America Report No.5, September 2003)

International Crisis Group. ‘Southern Philippines backgrounder: terrorism and the peace process’. (Singapore/Brussels: ICG Asia Report no. 80, 13 July 2004)

Isima, Jeffrey. ‘Demilitarization, non-state actors and public security in Africa: a preliminary survey of the literature’ Journal of Security Sector Management, Vol. 2, No. 4 (December 2004)

Kaldor, Mary. ‘Terrorism’ Paper for United Nations and Global Security, United Nations Foundation. Download as a pdf file (107kb)

Kaldor, Mary. New and old wars: organized violence in a global era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999)

Kaldor, Mary. Global civil society: an answer to war (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003)

Kalyvas, Stathis N. ‘The Sociology of Civil Wars: Warfare and Armed Groups’ 4 November 2003. Download as a pdf file (97kb)

Kay, Kira. ‘The “new humanitarianism”: the Henry Dunant Center and the Aceh peace negotiations’ (Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs, Case Studies in International Diplomacy: case study 02/03)

Komakech, Martin. ‘The Northern Uganda Conflict, Civil Society Initiatives and Interventions, and Human Rights Focus (HURIFO) Operations in the Conflict-Zone’. Download as a pdf file (28kb)

Lederach, John Paul. Unmasking Evil: Religiously Motivated Peacebuilding and the Challenge of Terror. Draft. Prepared for the CPN May Meeting, 18 May, 2004.

Lederach, John Paul. ‘Quo Vadis? Reframing terror from the perspective of conflict resolution’ paper presented at University of California, Irvine, Townhall meeting, convened by Global Peace and Conflict Studies, 24 October, 2001.

Lederach, John Paul. ‘Levels of leadership’ in Luc Reychler & Thania Paffenholz (eds.) Peacebuilding: a field guide (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001)

Lee, Joanne. ‘International criminal tribunals and their efficacy in deterring non-state actors’ Draft paper presented at the Curbing Human Rights Violations by Armed Groups Conference, Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, Canada, 14-15 November, 2003.

Levine, Iain. ‘Promoting humanitarian principles: the southern Sudan approach’ (London: Overseas Development Institute, Relief and Rehabilitation Network paper 21, 1997)

Mazrui, Ali A. ‘Towards understanding the causes of terrorism: the culture, the mission, the motive and the target’ Paper for United Nations and Global Security, United Nations Foundation. Download as a pdf (113b)

Miall, Hugh, Oliver Ramsbotham & Tom Woodhouse. Contemporary Conflict Resolution (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999)

Mazurana, Dyan. Women in Armed Opposition Groups Speak on War, Protection and Obligations under International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law. Report of a workshop organized in Geneva by Geneva Call and the Program for the Study of International organization(s) August 26 – 29, 2004

McCartney, Clem. ‘Revolutionary and agreed change: managing the contradictions’.

McDonald. John & Diane Bendahmane. Conflict resolution: track two diplomacy (Washington DC: Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy, 1995)

McEvoy, Kieran. ‘Beyond the metaphor: Political violence, human rights and ‘new’ peacemaking criminology’ Theoretical Criminology Vol. 7, No. 3 (2003): 319–346

Menkhaus, Ken. ‘Warlords and Landlords: Non-State Actors and Humanitarian Norms in Somalia’ (Draft paper presented at the Curbing Human Rights Violations by Armed Groups Conference, Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, Canada, 14-15 November, 2003)

Milton-Edwards, Beverley & Alastair Crooke. ‘Waving, Not Drowning: Strategic Dimensions of Ceasefires and Islamic Movements’ Security Dialogue, Vol. 35, No. 3 (2004): 295-310

Mnookin, Robert & Susan Hackley. ‘Disconnecting 'Quid' From 'Quo'’ (Op-ed in LA Times, 26 September 2004)

Moir, Lindsay. The Law of Internal Armed Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002)

Muñoz-Rojas, Daniel. ‘Violations of International Humanitarian Law: Their Psycho-sociological Causes and Prevention’ (Draft paper presented at the Conference on Curbing Human Rights Violations by Non-State Armed Groups, University of British Columbia, November 13-15, 2003)

Peake, Gordon, Cathy Gormley-Heenan & Mari Fitzduff. From warlords to peacelords: local leadership capacity in peace processes (Londonderry: University of Ulster, INCORE Report, December 2004)

Petitpierre, Anne. ‘Relevance of international humanitarian law to non-state actors’ (Opening address by Professor Anne Petitpierre, Vice-President of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Bruges Colloquium on Relevance of International Humanitarian Law to Non-State Actors, 25 and 26 October 2002)

Petrasek, David. ‘Assymetric mediation: armed groups and peace processes’ Draft of Background Paper 2 for a meeting Humanitarian Dialogue held for 'senior conflict mediators' in Oslo June 2004.

Policzer, Pablo. ‘Human rights and armed groups: toward a new policy architecture’. Mimeo, July 2002.

Policzer, Pablo. ‘Neither terrorists nor freedom fighters’. Paper presented at the American Political Science Association Conference, Chicago, 2-5 September, 2004.

Raeymaekers, Timothy. ‘Targeting Businesses in Conflict: Beyond the Plunder Logic’ (Paper presented at the Conference on Curbing Human Rights Violations by Armed Groups, UBC Centre of International Relations Vancouver, November 13-15, 2003)

Rapoport, David C. (ed.) Inside terrorist organizations (London: Frank Cass, 2001)

Reno, William. ‘Sovereign Predators and Non-State Armed Group Protectors?’ (Paper presented at the Curbing Human Rights Violations of Armed Groups, UBC Centre of International Relations, 13-15 November 2003)

Rees, Phil. Dining with terrorists: meetings with the world’s most wanted militants (London: Macmillan, 2005)

Ricigliano, Robert. ‘Networks of Effective Action: Implementing an Integrated Approach to Peacebuilding’ Security Dialogue, Vol. 34 No. 4 (2004): 445-462.

Santos, Soliman M. ‘A critical reflection on the Geneva Call instrument and approach in engaging armed groups on humanitarian norms: a southern perspective’ (Paper for the Armed Groups Conference, Vancouver, 13-15 November 2003)

Santos, Soliman M. ‘The Ottawa Treaty and non-state actors’. International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Non-State Actors Working Group.

Santos, Soliman M. ‘The International Criminal Court and rebel groups’ International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Non-State Actors Working Group.

Sassòli, Marco. ‘Possible legal mechanisms to improve compliance by armed groups with International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law’ (Paper for the Armed Groups Conference, Vancouver, 13-15 November 2003)

Shannon, Ulric. ‘Human Security and the Rise of Private Armies’, New Political Science, vol. 22, no. 1 (March 2000): 103 – 115

Spector, Bertram. ‘Negotiating with Villains Revisited: Research Note’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Sriram, Chandra Lekha. ‘Achieving accountability for non-state armed groups—use of domestic mechanisms for international crimes’ (Paper for Pablo Policzer and David Capie, Armed Groups Project, UBC, 2003)

SCBL. ‘Engaging non-state actors in a landmine ban: a pioneering conference’ Full conference proceedings, Geneva, 24-25 March 2000 (Swiss Campaign to Ban Landmines, 2001).

SCBL. ‘Engaging non-state actors in a landmine ban: a pioneering conference’ Summary conference proceedings, Geneva, 24-25 March 2000 (Swiss Campaign to Ban Landmines, 2000).

Stepanova, Ekaterina. 'Anti-terrorism and peacebuilding during and after conflict' (Stockholm: SIPRI Policy Paper no. 2, June 2003)

Strimling, Andrea & Susan Allen Nan. ‘Track I - Track II cooperation’, an essay for Beyond Intractability, 2003:

Tadokoro, Masayuki. ‘Transnational challenges to security’ Paper for United Nations and Global Security, United Nations Foundation. Download as a pdf file (120 kb)

Toole, Daniel. ‘Humanitarian negotiation: observations from recent experience’. Harvard Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research.

van Tongeren, Paul. ‘The challenge of coordination and networking’ in Luc Reychler & Thania Paffenholz (eds.) Peacebuilding: a field guide (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001)

Villarreal, Maria. ‘Engaging Non State Actors (NSA) in a mine ban within & outside peace processes: the case of El Salvador and Guatemala’ (Paper presented at the International Campaign to Ban Landmines Workshop on Lessons Learned on Engaging Non-State Actors on a Landmine Ban, Bangkok, Thailand, August 2003)

Von Hippel, Karin. ‘Non-state actors as transnational terrorists’ Paper for United Nations and Global Security, United Nations Foundation. Download as a pdf (59kb)

Weinberg, Leonard (ed.) Political Parties and Terrorist Groups (Frank Cass, 1992)

Weinstein, Jeremy M. ‘Resources and the Information Problem in Rebel Recruitment’ (February 2004) Download as a pdf file (131kb)

Williams, Sue & Steve Williams. Being in the middle by being at the edge (York: William Sessions Ltd, 1994)

World Bank. ‘The structure of rebel organizations: implications for post-conflict reconstruction’ (Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Unit, Social Development Department, Dissemination Notes No. 4. June 2002)

Zartman, William. ‘Negotiating with Terrorists’ International Negotiation: A Journal of Theory and Practice, Vol. 8, no. 3 (2003)

Zartman, William. ‘Dynamics and constraints in negotiations in internal conflicts’ in William Zartman (ed.) Elusive peace: negotiating an end to civil wars (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995)

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United Nations. Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the protection of civilians in armed conflict (S/2001/331)

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