Ceasefires

Room for accommodation: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in Northern Ireland

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Accord Incentives: Room for accommodation
Asking what role incentives, sanctions and conditionality played in the Northern Ireland peace process, David Mitchell reviews the early years of the peace process, the negotiations that led to the Belfast Agreement and the processes that followed the agreement.

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking

Feb 2008
Faced with the problem of how to respond to the challenges of intra-state armed conflict, international policymakers often turn to incentives, sanctions and conditionality in the hope that these tools can alter the conflict dynamics and influence the protagonists' behaviour. Drawing on case studies from around the world, Accord issue 19 suggests that while these instruments have in some cases helped tip the balance towards settlement, in many others they been ineffective, incoherent or subsumed into the dynamics of the conflict.

Incentives, sanctions and conditionality

Faced with the problem of how to respond to the challenges of intra-state armed conflict, international policymakers often turn to incentives, sanctions and conditionality in the hope that these tools can alter the conflict dynamics and influence the protagonists' behaviour.

But do such policy instruments underpin or undermine peace processes? How can they constructively influence conflict parties' engagement in peacemaking initiatives?

Ceasefires and elections (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999
Harry Barnes and Gary Kent recount how the path to all-party talks was cleared, noting particularly the impetus provided by the elections in the UK and the Republic of Ireland in 1997.

A leap into uncharted waters (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999
Seàn Mag Uidhir discusses what led to the IRA’s decision to call a complete cessation of military operations in 1994, what caused this ceasefire to break down, but why there could be no long-term return to violence.

The early stages of the Irish peace process (1999)

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process
Dec 1999
Mansergh describes the early stages of the Irish peace process and the internal and external developments leading to the Downing Street Declaration of 1993 and the first IRA ceasefire in 1994.

Security and stabilization in Somalia

Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking
Feb 2010
Jeremy Brickhill critiques international involvement in Somali in relation to security, arguing that the strategy of building a state with a monopoly of violence has not worked, while security arrangements are central to endogenous Somali peace processes.

Striking a balance: The Northern Ireland peace process (original Accord)

Dec 1999
The signing of the 1998 Belfast Agreement in Northern Ireland was the result of long and arduous negotiations to end 30 years of sectarian violence and political stalemate. Accord Issue 8 explores the factors that led to the negotiations and outlines the impact of history on current aspirations.

Northern Ireland

The signing of the 1998 Belfast Agreement in Northern Ireland was the result of long and arduous negotiations to end 30 years of sectarian violence and political stalemate.

Whose peace is it anyway? connecting Somali and international peacemaking

Feb 2010
Accord 21, Whose peace is it anyway? connecting Somali and international peacemaking, seeks to improve understanding and links between Somalis and international policy and practice. Edited by Mark Bradbury and Sally Healy it contains over 30 articles including interviews with Somali elders and senior diplomats, and contributions from Somali and international peacemaking practitioners, academics, involved parties, civil society and women’s organisations.

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