Ceasefires

The limits of leadership: Elites and societies in the Nagorny Karabakh peace process

Dec 2005
As Azerbaijan and Armenia remain in deadlock over Nagorny Karabakh, Accord issue 17 highlights the challenges and obstacles to a sustainable agreement.

Nagorny Karabakh

Since the ceasefire in 1994 Azerbaijan and Armenia have remained in deadlock over Nagorny Karabakh in the South Caucasus. An internationally sponsored peace process based on closed talks between the leaders has yielded several proposals but no agreement.

Accord 17 highlights the obstacles to a sustainable agreement and explores the challenge of bridging the gap between potential for settlement at the negotiating table and popular resistance to the compromises that this entails. It contains sections on:

Peace by piece: Addressing Sudan’s conflicts

Dec 2006
Accord 18 focuses on Sudan and asks which issues were excluded from the process leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. It suggests that future initiatives must be more inclusive and better coordinated.

Sudan

The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on 9 January 2005 was hailed by some as the dawn of a new era for Sudan. However, Sudan has a number of interlocking conflicts that cannot be fully addressed by a bilateral agreement. The CPA is just one part – if a very significant one – of a piecemeal approach to resolving Sudan's conflicts that has produced separate agreements for Darfur and eastern Sudan. It is unclear if these can fit together as the jigsaw pieces of a comprehensive peace – or what pieces are still missing.

International involvement and incentives for peacemaking in northern Uganda

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Mareike Schomerus examines the motivations of the Ugandan government and the Lord's Resistance Army for engaging in the Juba talks and reflects on how the overpowering effects of international agendas on fragile negotiations could be addressed.

Securing Mogadishu: neighbourhood watches

Whose peace is it anyway? Connecting Somali and international peacemaking
Feb 2010
Mohamed Ahmed Jama describes the neighbourhood watches in Mogadishu that have, in the absence of a functioning government, provided an alternative and effective mechanism for delivering safety and security.

International support for peace: Too much to ask?

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Debates on how international conditionalities or incentives have supported or undermined peacebuilding in Sri Lanka fail to ask whether they have even been seriously tried. Brian Smith reviews the failure to implement the aid conditionalities of the 2003 Tokyo Conference.

Prejudice, asymmetry and insecurity

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Suthaharan Nadarajah discusses the Sri Lankan peace process from 2002 and concludes that international action served to tilt the strategic balance in favour of the state rather than ensuring the parties addressed the underlying causes of conflict.

Introduction to the Georgia–Abkhazia case study

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Jonathan Cohen introduces the Georgia–Abkhazia case study by providing some historical context to the conflict and highlighting key aspects of the regime of sanctions on Abkhazia as experienced by the respective parties to the conflict.

Dilemmas of multiple priorities and multiple instruments: The Darfur crisis

Powers of persuasion: Incentives, sanctions and conditionality in peacemaking
Feb 2008
Alex de Waal assesses the international efforts to address the Darfur crisis, noting the multiplicity of goals and mechanisms (especially instruments of pressure), and the reasons they more often impeded the search for a practical solution to the conflict.

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